[12], In 628 Muhammad and his followers headed for Mecca to perform the umra (lesser pilgrimage to Mecca) and the Quraysh dispatched 200 cavalry to intercept him upon hearing of his departure. [33] Khalid was Abu Bakr's third nominee to lead the campaign after his first two choices, the Qurayshites Zayd ibn al-Khattab and Abu Hudhayfa ibn Utba, refused the assignment. Phone: 04 3599645. [66][67] Al-Hira's Arab tribal nobles, many of whom were Nestorian Christians with blood ties to the nomadic tribes on the city's western desert fringes, barricaded in their scattered fortified palaces. Advanced … After a careful inquiry, ‘Ali paid the blood-money to all those who suffered loss. [27] In the narrative of Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. 1449), Khalid misunderstood the tribesmen's acceptance of the faith as a rejection or denigration of Islam due to his unfamiliarity with the Jadhima's accent and consequently attacked them. [71] After Khalid departed, he left al-Muthanna in practical control of al-Hira and its vicinity. It was the day of Procyon. [143] According to Athamina, Medina's lack of a regular standing army, the need to redeploy fighters to other fronts and the Byzantine threat to Muslim gains in Syria required the establishment of a defense structure based on the older-established Arab tribes in Syria which had traditionally served as confederates of Byzantium. [66] The Arab nobility of al-Hira surrendered in an agreement with Khalid whereby the city paid a tribute in return for Muslim assurances that al-Hira's churches and palaces would not be disturbed. A measure of Khalid's genius is that he was the only person to inflict a (temporary) Khalid continued service as the key lieutenant of his successor Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah in the sieges of Homs and Aleppo and the Battle of Qinnasrin, all in 637–638, which collectively precipitated the retreat from Syria of imperial Byzantine troops under Emperor Heraclius. He played a vital role in the Meccan victory at the Battle of Uhud against the Muslims. [105] A single account in al-Baladhuri instead attributes Khalid's appointment to a consensus among the commanders already in Syria, though Athamina asserts "it is inconceivable that a man like ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ would agree" to such a decision voluntarily. [25], In December 629/January 630 Khalid took part in Muhammad's capture of Mecca, after which most of the Quraysh converted to Islam. How few are the Romans and how numerous are we ! [73] None of these tribes, all of which were branches of the Banu Bakr confederation, joined Khalid when he operated outside of their tribal areas. Muslim soldier) should kill his captive, I said, "By Allah, I will not kill my captive, and none of my companions will kill his captive." [160] Following his interrogation in Homs, Khalid issued successive farewell speeches to the troops in Qinnasrin and Homs before being summoned by Umar to Medina. [30] In June 631 Khalid was sent by Muhammad at the head of 480 men to invite the mixed Christian and polytheistic Balharith tribe of Najran to embrace Islam. [87] According to Donner, Khalid undertook two further principal operations before embarking on his march to Syria, which have often been conflated by the sources with events that occurred during the march. [33] In 632, Khalid confronted Tulayha's forces at the Battle of Buzakha, during which the Tayy defected to the Muslims early in the battle. 616–618. It is reported that Prophet Muhammad (peace and … [116][118], Several traditions relate the Muslims' capture of Damascus. [99], Most traditional accounts have the first Muslim armies deploy to Syria from Medina at the beginning of 13 AH (early spring 634). [117] He was prompted by the approach of a large Byzantine army dispatched by Heraclius,[117] consisting of imperial troops led by Vahan and Theodore Trithyrius and frontier troops, including Christian Arab light cavalry led by the Ghassanid phylarch Jabala ibn al-Ayham and Armenian auxiliaries led by a certain Georgius (called Jaraja by the Arabs). [83] Khalid is considered a war hero by Sunni Muslims, while many Shia Muslims view him as a war criminal for his execution of Malik ibn Nuwayra and immediate marriage of his widow, in contravention of the traditional Islamic bereavement period. [64] The clashes occurred at Dhat al-Salasil, Nahr al-Mar'a (a canal connecting the Euphrates with the Tigris immediately north of Ubulla), Madhar (a town several days north of Ubulla), Ullays (likely the ancient trade center of Vologesias) and Walaja. The fact that Khālid is a major hero in the historical traditions of Iraq certainly suggests ties there that can have come only from his early participation in its conquest". [66][67] The annual sum to be paid by al-Hira amounted to 60,000 or 90,000 silver dirhams,[69][70] which Khalid forwarded to Medina, marking the first tribute the Caliphate received from Iraq. [20] In the version of Ibn Ishaq, Khalid had persuaded the Jadhima tribesmen to disarm and embrace Islam, which he followed up by executing a number of the tribesmen in revenge for the Jadhima's slaying of his uncle Fakih ibn al-Mughira dating before Khalid's conversion to Islam. [88] Afterward, Khalid executed the town's Kindite leader Ukaydir, who had defected from Medina following Muhammad's death, while the Kalbite chief Wadi'a was spared after the intercession of his Tamimite allies in the Muslims' camp. As a result of decisive victories against the Byzantines at Ajnadayn (634), Fahl (634), Damascus (634–635) and Yarmouk (636), the Muslims under Khalid conquered much of Syria. [129] The area spanned high hilltops, water sources, critical routes connecting Damascus to the Galilee and historic pastures of the Ghassanids. [48] Abu Bakr had dispatched Shurahbil ibn Hasana and Khalid's cousin Ikrima with an army to reinforce the Muslim governor in the Yamama, Musaylima's tribal kinsman Thumama ibn Uthal. [13] Khalid was at the head of the cavalry and Muhammad avoided confronting him by taking an unconventional and difficult alternate route, ultimately reaching Hudaybiyya at the edge of Mecca. [98] Kennedy asserts it is "certain that Khalid did cross the desert from Iraq to Syria some time in the spring or early summer of 634, that it was a memorable feat of military endurance and that his arrival in Syria was an important ingredient of the success of Muslim arms there"; the "problem" is one group of traditional sources suggest a lengthy southern route from Dumat al-Jandal and another group is "equally certain" of a shorter northern route through Palmyra and there is "simply no knowing which version is correct". [6] Lubaba al-Sughra converted to Islam about c. 622 and her paternal half-sister Maymuna became a wife of Muhammad. [53] Khalid's first three assaults against Musaylima at Aqraba were beaten back. [30] Crone, dismissing Khalid's role in Iraq entirely, asserts that Khalid had definitively captured Dumat al-Jandal in the 631 campaign and from there crossed the desert to engage in the Syrian conquest. [172] During his 17th-century visit to the mausoleum, the Muslim scholar Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi agreed that Khalid was buried there but also noted an alternative Islamic tradition that the grave belonged to Mu'awiya's grandson Khalid ibn Yazid (d. 14:37. Some of his people answered: "Do you seek to have us all murdered? Umar dismissed Khalid from his governorship of Qinnasrin afterward and he died in Medina or Homs in 642. Books To Read. [24][21][25] Muhammad rewarded Khalid by bestowing on him the honorary title Sayf Allah (Sword of God). Following his conversion to Islam in 627 or 629, he was made a commander by Muhammad, who bestowed on him the title Sayf Allah (the Sword of God). [37], Khalid's initial focus was the suppression of Tulayha's following. [7], With the Yamama pacified, Khalid marched northward toward Sasanian territory in Iraq (lower Mesopotamia). Kennedy. [10] He advanced through the Wadi Qanat valley west of Uhud until being checked by Muslim archers south of the valley at Mount Ruma. [65] From Ubulla's vicinity, Khalid marched up the western bank of the Euphrates where he clashed with the minor Sasanian garrisons which traditionally guarded the Iraqi frontier from nomadic incursions. [163] In the account of Ibn Asakir, Umar declared at a council of the Muslim army at Jabiya in 638 that Khalid was dismissed for lavishing war spoils to war heroes, tribal nobles and poets instead of reserving the sums for needy Muslims. The Holy Prophet gave the title of Saifullah to him for his bravery. He was the commanding officer of the Muslim troops when Muslims defeated Romans and Irani forces. This book is the biography of the life of the great military commander of the Muslim forces at the time of the inception of Islam. [135], Jandora credits the Muslim victory at Yarmouk to the cohesion and "superior leadership" of the Muslim army, particularly the "ingenuity" of Khalid, in comparison to the widespread discord in the Byzantine army's ranks and the conventional tactics of Theodorus, which Khalid "correctly anticipated". More information. [2] The Makhzum are credited for introducing Meccan commerce to foreign markets,[3] particularly Yemen and Abyssinia (Ethiopia),[2] and developed a reputation among the Quraysh for their intellect, nobility and wealth. He ﷺ returned to Madinah immediately after the war. [121], The treaty imposed a large tribute and a poll tax on the inhabitants of Damascus, many or most of whom were Christian Arabs, as opposed to the largely Greek and Armenian soldiers in the Byzantine army. When Muhammad heard of this, he declared to God that he was innocent of what Khalid had done, and sent 'Ali b. Abi Talilb to pay the survivors compensation.[16][17]. [139] The caliph appointed Abu Ubayda to Khalid's place, reassigned his troops to the remaining Muslim commanders and subordinated Khalid under the command of one of Abu Ubayda's lieutenants; a later order redeployed the bulk of Khalid's former troops to Iraq. Khalid ibn al-Walid Khalid son of al-Walid was from the Meccan tribe of Qurayshfrom a clan that initially opposed Muhammad. They (narrators) said ; When Khalid Ibn al-Walid came back after the demolition of al-'Uzza and the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, was still staying at Makkah, he sent him to Bana Jadhimah to invite them to embrace Islam ; he.... [pg 183]his father: he said: I was with the horsemen who attacked Banu Jadhimah under the command of Khalid ibn al-Walid on the day of Procyon. [108] He arrived on Easter day of that year, i.e. [136] In Gil's view, Khalid's withdrawal before the army of Heraclius, the evacuation of Damascus and the counter-movement on the Yarmouk tributaries "are evidence of his excellent organising ability and his skill at manoeuvring on the battlefield". [183] Kizil Ahmed Bey, the leader of the Isfendiyarids, who ruled a principality in Anatolia until its annexation by the Ottomans, fabricated his dynasty's descent from Khalid. Email: carterhoppe@carterhoppe.com. Hayat -e- Saifullah – Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed R.A. DOWNLOAD (5 MB) Shehek Baloch. When there came the day then Khalid ordered that each man (i.e. [31] The tribe converted and Khalid taught them the Qur'an and Islamic laws before returning to Muhammad in Medina with a Balharith delegation. [19], Khalid participated in the expedition to Mu'ta in modern-day Jordan ordered by Muhammad in September 629. [173], Khalid had a son called Sulayman, hence his kunya (paedonymic) "Abū Sulaymān" (father of Sulayman), according to al-Tabari. [137], Khalid was retained as supreme commander of the Muslim forces in Syria between six months and two years from the start of Umar's caliphate, depending on the source. One of the Jadhimah tribesman said to his people: "Woe to you, Banu Jadhimah! On that, the Prophet raised both his hands and said twice, "O Allah! [119] As his forces entered from the east, Muslim forces led by Abu Ubayda had entered peacefully from the western Bab al-Jabiya gate after negotiations with Damascene notables led by Mansur ibn Sarjun, a high-ranking city official. Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed RA Accepting Islam - Khalid Bin Walid (RA) ka Islam Qabool Karne ka Waqia - Muhammady157. According to this work, Khalid was sent to the Banu Jadhimah tribe. [103] By the time Khalid had left Iraq, the Muslim armies in Syria had already fought a number of skirmishes with local Byzantine garrisons and dominated the southern Syrian countryside, but did not control any urban centers. [149] Owing to its proximity to the desert steppe, Homs was viewed as a favorable place of settlement for Arab tribesmen and became the first city in Syria to acquire a large Muslim population. [120][122] Although the accounts cited by al-Waqidi (d. 823) and Ibn Ishaq agree that Damascus surrendered in August/September 635, they provide varying timelines of the siege ranging from four to fourteen months. [72] He received similar assistance from the Banu Sadus clan of the Dhuhl tribe under Qutba ibn Qatada and the Ijl tribe under al-Madh'ur ibn Adi during the engagements at Ubulla and Walaja. On his return from Nakhla expedition to destroy al-Uzza, Khalid bin Al-Waleed at the head of 350 horsemen of Helpers, Emigrants and Banu Saleem was dispatched once again in the same year 8 A.H to the habitation of Bani Khuzaimah bedouins, who used the term Sabians, those who left their former religion, to describe themselves. Book Name: Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed R.A Writer: Syed Zaid Zaman Hamid Description: Zaid Hamid writes the book Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed Pdf. [142], The modern historians De Goeje, William Muir and Andreas Stratos viewed Umar's enmity with Khalid as a contributing cause of Khalid's dismissal, while Shaban acknowledges the enmity but asserts it had no bearing on the caliph's decision. Khalid is generally considered by historians to be one of early Islam's most seasoned and accomplished generals and he is commemorated throughout the Arab world until the present day. [50] Ikrima was repelled by Musaylima's forces and thereafter instructed by Abu Bakr to quell rebellions in Oman and Mahra (central southern Arabia) while Shurahbil was to remain in the Yamama in expectation of Khalid's large army. [59] The historian Fred Donner holds that the Muhajirun and the Ansar still formed the core of his army, along with a large proportion of nomadic Arabs likely from the Muzayna, Tayy, Tamim, Asad and Ghatafan tribes. 14.Story of Hazrat Khalid ibn al-Walid (Khalid bin Walid). Read Offline book Hazrat Khalid Bin Waleed in Urdu The Hazrat Khalid Bin Walid the sword of Allah author describe the hero of Islam Hazrat Khalid Bin Walid … 'An army's strength lies not in numbers of men but in Allah's help, and its weakness lies in being forsaken by Allah”-- Khalid ibn al-Walid . [138] De Goeje dismisses Khalid's extravagant grants to the tribal nobility, a common practice among the early Muslim leaders including Muhammad, as a cause for his sacking. [117][120] The Muslim armies met up in the city center where capitulation terms were agreed. EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org item tags) Want more? The event is also mentioned by the later Muslim Scholar Ibn Sa'd in his book "Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir", as follows: SARIYYAH OF KHALID IBN AL-WALlD AGAINST BANU JADHlMAH, A BRANCH OF BANU KINANAH, RESIDING IN LOWER MAKKAH. [54] The Muslims pursued the Hanifa to a large enclosed garden which Musaylima used to stage a last stand against the Muslims. He immediately sent ‘Ali to make every possible reparation to the tribes who had been wronged. [92], The historian Ryan J. Lynch deems Khalid's desert march to be a literary construct by the authors of the Islamic tradition to form a narrative linking the Muslim conquests of Iraq and Syria and presenting the conquests as "a well-calculated, singular affair" in line with the authors' alleged polemical motives. He ﷺ stayed back in Badr for 3 days before returning to Madinah. [124] Jandora asserts that the Byzantines' Christian Arab and Armenian auxiliaries deserted or defected, but that the Byzantine force remained "formidable", consisting of a vanguard of heavy cavalry and a rear guard of infantrymen when they approached the Muslim defensive lines. Don't you know that most men have converted to Islam, that the war is over, and that security is reestablished?" The inhabitants were given peace on the terms of annual payment of jizya tribute and agreed to provide intelligence for Muslims. [35] After the threat to Medina was quashed, Abu Bakr dispatched Khalid against the rebel tribes in Najd (the central Arabian plateau). He was a famous companion of Holy Prophet PBUH. [95] The second Palmyra-Damascus itinerary is a relatively direct route between al-Hira to Palmyra via Ayn al-Tamr. Share. [110] The trading center of Bosra, along with the Hauran region in which it lies, historically supplied the nomadic tribes of Arabia with wheat, oil and wine and had been visited by Muhammad during his youth. [19] According to the historian Richard Blackburn, despite attempts by the Islamic traditional sources to discredit Khalid, his reputation has developed as "Islam's most formidable warrior" during the eras of Muhammad, Abu Bakr and the conquest of Syria. [7] According to Lecker, Khalid and the other Qurayshite generals "gained precious experience [during the Ridda wars] in mobilising large multi-tribal armies over long distances" and "benefited from the close acquaintance of the Kuraysh [sic] with tribal politics throughout Arabia". [168] Muslim tradition since then has placed Khalid's tomb in the city. [11] Shaban credits Khalid's "military genius" for the Quraysh's victory at Uhud, the only engagement in which the tribe defeated Muhammad. A Biographical Study of the Greatest Military General in History. [20] His male line of descent ended toward the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate in 750 or shortly after when all forty of his male descendants died in a plague in Syria, according to the historian Ibn Hazm (d. [169] Athamina considers the hadiths and narratives to be "no more than latter-day expressions of sympathy on the part of subsequent generations for the heroic character of Khalid as portrayed by Islamic tradition". Box. When we reached the Prophet, we mentioned to him the whole story. [99] Lynch holds that the story of the march, which "would have excited and entertained" Muslim audiences, was created out of "fragments of social memory" by inhabitants who attributed the conquests of their towns or areas to Khalid as a means "to earn a certain degree of prestige through association" with the "famous general". Muhsin Khan, The translation of the meanings of Ṣahih AL-Bukhari, Arabic-English, Volume 5, p. 440. "Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:628, Muhammad Muhsin Khan, said in his book "The Translation of the Meanings Of Sahih Al-Bukhari", that Muhammad sent Khalid to fight the Banu Jadhima, and used this hadith as a reference[20]. Before accepting Islam, he … There, however, the people took up arms at his approach. [37], According to Donner, the subjection of Arab tribes may have been Khalid's primary goal in Iraq and clashes with Persian troops were the inevitable, if incidental, result of the tribes' alignment with the Sasanian Empire. [64] Based on the 9th-century histories of al-Baladhuri and Khalifa ibn Khayyat, Khalid's first major battle in Iraq was his victory over the Sasanian garrison at Ubulla (the ancient Apologos, near modern Basra) and the nearby village of Khurayba, though al-Tabari (d. 923) holds this was erroneously attributed to Khalid and that Ubulla was conquered later by Utba ibn Ghazwan al-Mazini. Khalid ibn Walid R.A (592-642) also known as Sword of Allah (Saifullah). A portion were put to death, before some other Muslims who were citizens of Medina came along and intervened, stopping Khalid.